From professional upholsterers to DIYers, fabric durability is of utmost importance. That’s because both the longevity and performance of your upholstery fabric is essential for ensuring your furniture stays attractive and functional over time.
Two of the best methods for assessing the durability of your fabrics are the Wyzenbeek and Martindale rub tests. Both of these tests measure the fabric’s ability to withstand abrasion and the rigors of everyday use.
The better you understand these tests, including how to use and interpret them, the easier it’ll be to select the best fabric for upholstery used in heavy-duty to light domestic use, and everything in between.
The Importance of Fabric Durability in Upholstery
You can have the most beautiful fabric, but if it’s not durable, it won’t be of much use for most projects. For example, fabrics used in high-traffic areas, commercial settings, and furniture pieces (recliners, ottomans, etc.) that need to maintain their aesthetic appeal and functionality over time typically require high-durability fabrics.
Here’s where durability checks, like rub tests, play a crucial role in evaluating whether you’re using the best fabric for your specific use case. Not only do these tests ensure your upholstery fabrics can endure abrasions, but can also hold certain signs of wear at bay much longer than less durable solutions.
An Overview of Rub Tests
The most common way to test a fabric’s durability and abrasion resistance is via a rub test. Generally, these methods involve rubbing the surface of a fabric to simulate the wear and tear that upholstery fabrics experience as a result of everyday use, helping manufacturers to gauge and rate overall durability.
The two main types of rub tests include the Wyzenbeek and Martindale tests. Each has its own unique procedures and applications.
Learn more about lesser known upholstery fabric and industry terms.
The Wyzenbeek Rub Test
Andrew Wyzenbeek developed this technique in the early 1900s to test fabric strength. The device he created tests how many times a fabric can endure a double rub with a piece of cotton duck fabric or sandpaper before tearing, and then gives it a rating.
Nowadays, this is the standard test used in North America. In most cases, you can find a fabric rating on the label.
How the Wyzenbeek Test Works
The Wyzenbeek method uses a machine that rubs a piece of cotton duck fabric or sandpaper back and forth over a selected fabric sample. Each of these motions is counted as a double rub because each cycle requires the fabric to be passed over twice.
This test continues until the sample is noticeably worn (i.e., yarn breaks or significant abrasions). The Wyzenbeek test is particularly helpful for fabrics that are intended for heavy-duty use in a commercial setting to ensure it can withstand everyday wear and tear in high-traffic areas.
Understanding Wyzenbeek Test Results
The higher number of “double rubs” a fabric can endure indicates its durability. For example, fabrics that can withstand roughly 15,000 double rubs are considered suitable for general domestic use, while those that can handle a double rub count of 30,000+ are better for heavy use in commercial settings.
From upholstery used in family rooms to commercial environments, the results of this test help both manufacturers and consumers choose fabrics that meet specific durability requirements for various use cases.
The Martindale Rub Test
The most commonly used method to assess the durability of fabric in Europe is the Martindale test. Developed in the late 19th century, Dr. Martindale’s test involves subjecting sample fabric to a multi-directional abrasion process to assess durability.
Understanding Martindale Test Results
Much like the Wyzenbeek method, the Martindale test results are assessed based on how many “cycles” it can endure. The higher the number, the more durable the fabric. For instance, fabrics that can endure at least 20,000 cycles are ideal for light domestic use. On the other hand, fabrics with more 40,000+ cycles are better suited for commercial-grade applications and heavier use.
Comparing Wyzenbeek and Martindale Tests
Both Wyzenbeek and Martindale tests are essential for assessing the overall durability of a chosen fabric, but they are fundamentally different. Here’s a brief comparison of the two methods:
| Wyzenbeek Test | Martindale Test | |
|---|---|---|
| Origin | North America | Europe |
| Equipment Used | Cotton duck fabric, sandpaper | Martindale machine |
| Abrasion Type | Back-and-forth motion | Multi-directional (figure-eight pattern) |
| Measurement Unit | Double rubs | Cycles |
| Common Applications | Heavy-duty, commercial use, high-traffic areas | General domestic use, commercial settings |
| Typical Benchmarks |
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Considering the Right Test for Your Needs
When using rub test results to determine the best fabric option for upholstery projects, consider the following factors:
- Intended Use: How and where will the fabric be used (light domestic, general domestic, or heavy-duty commercial use).
- Expected Traffic: Fabric used in high-traffic areas like living rooms and hotel lobbies requires a higher rub count or cycle number, where light use requires less durability.
- Fabric Type: Fabrics react differently to abrasion, depending on many factors. Further, test results can vary based on the material composition and weave.
- Regulatory Requirements: Depending on the industry and location, there may be specific standards that dictate the required test type.
Tips for Extending the Life of Your Fabric
To maximize the durability of your upholstery fabric, consider these maintenance and care tips:
- Regular Cleaning: Keep the fabric clean by vacuuming regularly and addressing spills immediately.
- Use Protective Covers: For areas with heavy use, such as recliners and family room furniture, consider using protective covers.
- Rotate Cushions: Rotate and flip cushions regularly to distribute wear evenly.
- Avoid Direct Sunlight: Prolonged exposure to sunlight can weaken fibers and fade colors.
- Professional Cleaning: Periodically have your upholstery professionally cleaned to remove deep-seated dirt and stains.
- Follow Manufacturer Guidelines: Adhere to upholstery care instructions provided by the fabric manufacturer to ensure optimal maintenance.
Have more questions about choosing the right fabric? View our Frequently Asked Questions to learn more.
Find Durable Upholstery Fabric at Trivantage
By understanding the Wyzenbeek and Martindale rub tests, you can make informed decisions about the durability and suitability of upholstery fabrics, ensuring your work remains beautiful and functional for years to come.
At Trivantage, we offer an industry-leading selection of durable upholstery fabrics to meet all of your needs.
Browse our top-quality upholstery fabrics today to find the perfect upholstery for your next project.
